Does God Suffer? An Argument for God’s Emotions
**Part of the Easter 2009 and The Nature of God: A Quick and Dirty Guide series.**
On a bright and sunny Sunday afternoon, he got the call. Nicholas Wolterstoff answered, and within seconds the cold burning pain arrived.
“Mr. Wolsterstoff?”
“Yes.”
“Is this Eric’s father?”
“Yes.”
“Mr. Wolterstoff, I must give you some bad news.”
“Yes.”
“Eric has been climbing in the mountains and has had a serious accident.”
“Yes.”
“Sir, I must tell you, Eric is dead.” [via]
Shortly after the death of his son, Wolterstoff, a Yale Divinity School Professor of Philosophical Theology, rejected the traditional picture of God’s impassibility–a God blissfully unmoved by grief.
Shattered by his son’s death, Wolterstoff said:
“I found that picture impossible to accept—existentially impossible. I could not live with it; I found it grotesque.” [via ]
Still, in the face of this tragedy, the question remains: Is the doctrine of God’s impassibility scriptural, historical or even useful? The answer is yes. Here’s why.
The Difficult Doctrine That Should Never Be Neglected
To be perfectly honest, the doctrine of God’s impassibility is a difficult doctrine. But you shouldn’t ignore it. A lot hinges on this doctrine.
First, let’s define impassibility.
To say that God is impassible is to say that God is without passion. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God is “without body, parts, or passions, immutable.”
What is passion? Passion can be described any powerful feeling or emotion, like joy, grief, hatred or regret.
According to Clark Pinnock, a passionate “God is not cool and collected but is deeply involved and can be wounded.”
But there are serious problems if this is true of God.
Why We Don’t Want God to Be Passionate
Imagine: God in one hour pulled in one million different directions by things people say and do. If this were true, then God would not be in control of his own mind or moods.
Furthermore, if this were true, what guarantee do we have that God’s love will be constant?
God’s stability was Jeremiah’s main argument for trusting in God’s faithfulness. And in Malachi 3:6 God says, “I the LORD do not change. So you, O descendants of Jacob, are not destroyed.”
God’s consistency should encourage and satisfy us. Because He is always in love with the obedient and always at odds with the wicked, we will never doubt what he thinks about us.
However, nothing in the world can inflict misery or pain on God. Let me show you what I mean.
Biblically, God Can’t Suffer
The Bible teaches that God is the source and will behind all of his affections. All action in the universe springs ultimately from God.
“He is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything, because he himself gives all men life and breath and everything else.” Acts 17:25
Passion involves a desire for what is lacking. God lacks nothing. God is an all perfect being, thus lacks nothing and craves nothing.
But this does not mean that he doesn’t have feelings.
Does This Doctrine Diminish God’s Love?
God has feelings. The Bible clearly teaches this. For example, God’s spirit is grieved at sin. He hates evil. And God’s jealousy burns with anger against sin.
However, Philip Johnson argues, even though God has these feelings, he’s not a slave to fits of melancholy or bouts of rage:
…Scripture often stresses the constancy of God’s love, the infiniteness of his mercies, the certainty of His promises, the unchangeableness of His mind, and the lack of any fluctuation in His perfections.
James 1:17 said, God “does not change like shifting shadows.” On the other hand, our feelings toward evil, love, faith, change.
Which brings me to my next point.
Never Make This Serious Mistake About God
Whether you like it or not, God is not like you. The Bible says:
“For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,” declares the LORD. Isaiah 55:8
Furthermore, you must recognize that you and I cannot fully understand God without adjusting our language. That’s why in order to understand God, we use human language.
We can learn much from figures of speech, nevertheless God still remains inscrutable. So, what are we to think when God became so angry at Israel that he threatened to wipe the nation out and cancel the covenant with Abraham?
What we can’t do is make God look like an ogre prone to temper tantrums. It’s a serious mistake to project our passions onto God.
God is not like men.
Nor can we say that God is removed or aloof. As Johnson explains, it takes a personal God to make this kind of threat.
What Do You Think?
Unlike men who are prone to withholding love as a punishment, overreacting or completely shutting down when we need them the most…God is always going to be constant with his affections.
So while God’s lack of passion may seem grotesque, in the end, what we really have to look at is that God will pour out his love and mercy on us when we need it most [as you saw in yesterday's post].
**Part of an Easter week of posts on the person, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.**
No related posts.
8 Comments to Does God Suffer? An Argument for God’s Emotions
I’m perplexed at what exactly impassibility teaches. You said, “To say that God is impassible is to say that God is without passion.” Then you defined passion as: “any powerful feeling or emotion.” Finally, you said, “God has feelings.” Does this not say that God is passible? Or does impassibility mean that God’s feelings, though they exist, don’t change? And if that’s the case, in what sense is he impassible? Because he’s not prone to being tossed about by his passions (as we are, say, by grief)? I’m just trying to get a grasp on what each side is claiming.
April 10, 2009
Good question, James, and not an easy idea to grasp, I agree…I think that’s what’s contributed to its confusion and decline in popularity…Impassibility means that God has emotions but those emotions are perfect and under control, where as if he were “passible”…or with passion…he’d be dominated by unpredictable, volatile mood swings. That’s probably how I should have defined passion the first time. Hope that helps.
February 3, 2010
I guess I can see the argument that God isn’t moody if that’s what we mean by “passion”. But dictionary.com is telling me the #1 definition is “any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling, as love or hate”. And God certainly has powerful emotions, far more powerful than we can comprehend.
No, God isn’t like us. But we’re like Him. We’re made in His image.
If someone asked me the simple question “Does God have passion” or “Is God passionate”, I’d answer Yes without hesitation. His passion for His people is incredible. But I’m using passion in the sense of a strong, powerful, unrelenting, jealous love that is forever unchanging. He is also passionate in His hate of sickness, death, and sin.
When I saw mention of God “needing” something, it reminded me of the notes from a series I’m watching. A session or two ago there was this comment in the notes,
“The God who has everything wants us because He is love. Love is not toleration but
desire. The God who has everything still wants something. Why? Not because He is
needy, but because He is the fountain of desire. Desire implies want but not lack. God
wants the ones He loves without lacking anything.”
This isn’t a topic I’ve explored or researched in depth, and I didn’t follow the links you posted to other authors. I’m just writing my initial reaction.
February 3, 2010
I am attempting a short comment for the benefit of those who belive that Jesus is the exact representation of God’s nature (from Hebrews); and is God in the flesh (from John); so that if we know Jesus we know the Father (also from John). Those who are taught by God’s Spirit, who explains Jesus, who explains the Father, knows that God most certainly connects to our needs and losses and feelings. This is the spiritual connection of love. Do not let people who are taught by some Theologian tell you that God does not suffer with those who suffer. They are children of men, taught by children of men, who listen to children of men because they do not listen to God’s Spirit of truth.
February 9, 2010
This is very interesting. I am currently trying to write an essay on ‘the suffering of God’ and trying to get my head around this whole subject with big words that I can’t pronounce let alone spell. however the question of whether God suffers in a big question that needs to be addressed if we are to understand human suffering.
The whole term and doctrine would seem to stem back to greek time and one of these Greek ways was to conceive God as “impassible”, removed from any capacity to suffer, indeed to feel, as men do.
But if Jesus points to the father and as DTC points out above, if we see jesus we have seen the father. Jesus weeped, she loved, jesus was compassionate… would this then not point us to what God is like as a whole. Just thinking out loud!
Also if God did not feel, or if he wasn’t passionate wouldn’t this make him distant… the bible speaks of Him as compassionate, that would be an emotion, a feeling, but that is filled with passion to do something, ie at the cross.
If God is omniscient – All knowing, wouldn’t God know what feelings are, what they feel like, what pain would feel like, what Joy would be like, what sadness would be like, what grief and anger would be like. That doesn’t mean He changes He just knows all things.
We are made in the image of God, if that is so don’t you think that maybe we feel because God feels, we grieve, because God can grieve over His children, that we know Joy, because he first knew joy, we can be passionate, because he if passionate, we can love, and feel love and know love, because he is love. Why couldn’t an all powerful God suffer or feel the pain of His children walking away from Him, that doesn’t change who He is, just enforces who He is! A God who is completely love, that doesn’t change, but can have feeling and emotion. We change because we are in time and are sinful people…God is perfect, His ways are perfect, but sometimes don’t you think we try and fit God into our little theological boxes and if it doesn’t fit then God is wrong and we are right? I battle with this topic, but its an interesting topic, so these are my random thoughts. Thanks
Jonathan and DM: I’m glad you latched on to this topic.
As I point out in the title, this is an argument for God’s emotions. That’s biblical.
But my point is in the doctrine of God’s impassability: a God blissfully unmoved by grief.
That’s simply another way of saying he’s steadfast in his decisions–the pleadings of unrepentant sinners won’t move him [think Rich Man and Lazarus parable], for example.
He can and did suffer. He does grieve. But he’s simply not moved by that grief say like you and I might be if we saw our child getting punished for something they’ve done and thus commuting their sentence.
[Sorry for all the punishment metaphors...just coming easily to mind.]
Something else to keep in mind, though: Job challenged God that he didn’t know the sufferings of humans. That he couldn’t relate. He met that challenge through the life and death of Jesus Christ.
Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.
February 10, 2010
Thanks for your reply. I see that God moves in action for His people and His world, we see this clearly through scripture. For God not to be moved by grief, would suggest that he is somewhat out there and not personal. To be moved by grief can be for good and as God is ultimate good and the essence of love, he moves into action, throughout the old testament and yes in the life of Christ. I agree he doesn’t move in the sense of who he is, He doesn’t change, but everyday and in the OT he sees His people being punished and He moves into action, that doesn’t change who he is, that defines who He is, a God who is complete, personal and active and takes the first step.
the pleadings of unrepentant sinners won’t move him…. I believe God won’t move from who He is, but is always ready to move into action at the repentant sinner. The question sometimes, well alot of the time, our emotions are out of control, grief, anger etc, and so we are moved by them, well if we are in the image of God, I believe maybe God knows all these emotions, but isn’t moved in His character, He is moved into action…. and that’s amazing. I believe He knows them all because He is Omniscient. Before the creation of the world.. He would know all emotions.
However about Him moving into action… like with grief etc. I laid in bed last night and I was praying about this whole subject of suffering, battling it in my head… then I had this thought. We so often say God where are you, when we see suffering around us, When maybe God is saying where are my people, making a difference. We are His hands and feet on this earth… And so for God to be moved by grief, doesn’t change who He is, just confirms it, but He is crying out for His people to go and be Himself(Jesus)on this earth. For me that is God being moved by grief. And when we as Gods people grasp that… Gods impassibility maybe becomes passible, that He suffers when His people suffer, the ones He has created suffer, when they walk away from the love, when they ruin their own lives through stupid decisions, when I myself go down the wrong path and get into serious sin, My God grieves and is moved, and is calling me back. And will do His utmost, by whatever way He chooses, to bring me back. I struggle to understand why we can’t believe it a God who is passable. When I see a child suffer, wouldn’t I as human grieve and be moved to action (but many times I don’t – because of sin), how much more would God as creator of that child’s life, grieve and be moved to action… and use Hid people to reach out and comfort and care. To be Passable for me doesn’t mean God changes, but underlines who He is and has always been, a God who cares, who never changes, who is constant love, who is passionate for what He believes in and that’s His pinnacle of creation – you and I – as we are the carriers of His glory. He will do whatever it takes and be moved into action to win our hearts… but so often I believe He grieves because His church stay still and are waiting for God to do something and God is crying out for us to go. that’s always been his plan, He gave this earth to us, gave us authority to rule on this earth and what a flipping mess we have made.
I believe also (sorry I have gone away from original debate…he he)that God has always known human suffering, He had always known what they would go through when we turned our back on God, but still in His love risked it…amazing. I compared this the other day with a friend and said, parents – I am not one yet – but couples who decide to bring a child into the world, we should ask why, why would you do that? why would you risk that? look around you and see other children who have grown up, who have now become murderers, rapists, or just the ones who have turned their back on their parents, who have been expelled from school, why would you do that when you see the big picture, you see what that child could become – but we do, because we want to love them, embrace them, build them up to be people, risking ours lives and love on them, really not knowing what they may become – But we question God and say, ‘Why would He create humans, knowing that they may fail, knowing the big picture?, I believe for the same reasons above. And I believe He grieves and is moved, and is shaping His plan through humanity and one day will bring in back to its original plan. Amen to that!!
Deuteronomy 32:4
He is the Rock, his works are perfect, and all his ways are just. A faithful God who does no wrong, upright and just is he.
Right I am tired and I am going to bed… Good decussions guys
August 5, 2010
[...] suffers from ambivalence, in spite of the fact that an Omnipotent God would not suffer at all. http://www.fallenandflawed.com/can-god-suffer/ The Difficult Doctrine That Should Never Be Neglected To be perfectly honest, the doctrine of [...]


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